Duffy. P. R, 1984, Cybernetics, Sage Publications. http://job.sagepub.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/content/21/1/33.full.pdf
What is Cybernetics (控制论)?
"Cybernetics is concerned with communication and manipulation (熟练的操作；操纵；控制) of information and its use in controlling the behavior of biological, physical, and chemical systems. Others would add society, social systems, and organizations, as areas for cybernetic study and research." ----------- P.R.Duffy, 1984.
Two virtues of great importance:
Cybernetics offers
1. a sigle vocabulary and a single set of divers types of systems (e.g Microsoft and Apple); and
2. a method for the scientific treatment of complex systems.
Difference between Cybernetics and Systems Theory:
1. systems theory is frequently but incorrectly identified with cybernetic and control theory; and
2. different historical origins; and
3. both approaches have led scholars of communication to a study of larger context of systems with which communication is identified.
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